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. 2019 Oct 19;7(10):472. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7100472

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Engineered pathways. (A) Improvement of precursor supply. (B) Astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway. The white boxes indicate enzymes already expressed in the parental strain ST6899 [23]. The green boxes indicate enzymes additionally expressed in the parental strain in this study. IPP: Isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP: Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; FPP: Farnesyl pyrophosphate; GGPP: geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; ERG20: farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; CrtE and GGPPs7: geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; CrtYB: phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase; CrtI: phytoene desaturase; CrtW: β-ketolase from bacteria; BKT: β-ketolase from microalgae; CrtZ: β-hydroxylase.