Table 6.
Relative risk of underweight, overweight and obesity among 1140 men and 2218 women from the SANHANES study in 2012; by income (minimally and fully adjusted odds ratios from multinomial regression).
| Socio-Economic Factors | Men | |||||||
| Model 1: | Model 2: | |||||||
| Underweight | Healthy Weight | Overweight | Obesity | Underweight | Healthy Weight | Overweight | Obesity | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Reference
(p-value) |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Reference
(p-value) |
Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Household Income: | ||||||||
| No income | 1.18 (0.77, 1.81) | 1 (< 0.001) | 0.85 (0.56, 1.29) | 1.50 (0.92, 2.44) | 0.99 (0.59, 1.67) | 1 (0.004) | 0.76 (0.47, 1.24) | 1.77 (1.00, 3.13) |
| Low income | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Medium/high income | 0.25 (0.10, 0.65) | 2.04 (1.33, 3.13) | 3.71 (2.28, 6.02) | 0.43 (0.16, 1.16) | 1.48 (0.90, 2.42) | 2.14 (1.22, 3.75) | ||
| Socio-Economic Factors | Women | |||||||
| Model 1: | Model 2: | |||||||
| Underweight | Healthy Weight | Overweight | Obesity | Underweight | Healthy Weight | Overweight | Obesity | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Reference
(p-value) |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Reference
(p-value) |
Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Fully Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Household Income: | ||||||||
| No income | 1.04 (0.65, 1.68) | 1 (0.136) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) | 1.18 (0.69, 2.02) | 1 (0.649) | 1.08 (0.80, 1.45) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) |
| Low income | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Medium/high income | 0.87 (0.29, 2.62) | 1.56 (0.94, 2.59) | 1.78 (1.13, 2.80) | 1.10 (0.32, 3.71) | 1.51 (0.85, 2.68) | 1.63 (0.97, 2.74) | ||
Model 1: Minimally adjusted. Adjusted for age in seven categories (15–18, 19–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and 65+ years). Model 2: Fully adjusted. Adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, marital status, employment and mental health status. p-value from test for heterogeneity: p-value for interaction test between gender and income p = 0.042. Underweight, healthy BMI, overweight and obesity were defined as BMI levels of <5th percentile and <18.5 kg/m2, 5–84.9th percentile and 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, 85–94.9th percentile and 25–29.9 kg/m2, and ≥95th percentile and ≥30 kg/m2 for children and adults, respectively (CDC, 24/7) [45].