Table 4.

Studies on children with CP—Liu, Zhang, and Zhao [40].

Research Design	Quasi-Experimental Prospective Study
JBI level of evidence	2c
Objective(s) stated in the study	To determine the effects of VAT on muscle tension and range of motion in children with spastic CP (age 1–6) compared with physiotherapy and placebo.
Sample	90 children (age 1–6) from Nanhai Affiliated Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine allocated equally into three groups: conventional therapy, placebo, and VAT. The study does not specify how participants were allocated into groups. There was no significant difference between the groups for gender, age, and for some of the muscle tone and range of motion measurements (p > 0.05).
Intervention	Conventional therapy group—physical therapy, massage, and Chinese herb bath (once a day for 20 d). Experimental group—conventional therapy + VAT (60 Hz with Jiao music). Control group—conventional therapy + Jiao music. Interventions for both groups: 30 min a day for 20 d.
Measurements	An average of 3 measurements of muscle tone and range of motion (before, midway, and after treatment) were used, muscle tone assessed by MMAS, and statistical methods used included matching t test and variance.
Results	There was no statistically significant difference for the conventional group after 20 d of treatment. Listening (placebo) group had a decrease in muscle tone (p < 0.05). In the VAT group, the range of motion of hips, knees, and ankles improved, and muscle tone decreased (p < 0.05). 89 children (age 4–6) with spastic CP from a daycare center for rehabilitation were randomized into conventional therapy or conventional + VAT.

Abbreviations used: JBI—Joanne Briggs Institute, CP—cerebral palsy, VAT—vibroacoustic therapy, and MMAS—Modifed Modified Ashworth Scale.