Table 3.
Demographic predictors of being a bystander to online hate. OR, odds ratio.
| Factor | B | p-Value | OR | 95% CI for OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||||
| Constant | −1.605 | <0.001 | |||
| Being Cypriot 1 | −0.857 | <0.001 | 0.424 | 0.315 | 0.572 |
| Being Greek 1 | −0.366 | <0.001 | 0.693 | 0.566 | 0.849 |
| Being Indian 1 | −1.211 | <0.001 | 0.326 | 0.275 | 0.387 |
| Being Korean 1 | −0.672 | <.0.001 | 0.511 | 0.426 | 0.613 |
| Being Spanish 1 | 0.619 | <0.001 | 1.858 | 1.566 | 2.204 |
| Being Thai 1 | 0.220 | 0.027 | 1.246 | 1.026 | 1.515 |
| Being American 1 | −0.803 | <0.001 | 0.448 | 0.373 | 0.539 |
| Age | 0.161 | <0.001 | 1.175 | 1.134 | 1.216 |
| Being male 2 | −0.355 | <0.001 | 0.701 | 0.634 | 0.776 |
Note: 1 Reference category: being German; 2 reference category: being female. The online hate variable was dichotomized (never = no; very rarely–very frequently = yes).