Table 1.
Overview of GLP-1 RAs on the market for type 2 diabetes treatment.
| Drug name | Brand name | Administration | Dosage | FDA Approval |
Company |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exenatide | Byetta® | Twice a day (SQ) |
Initiate at 5 μg/dose (equivalent to 1.2 nmol GLP-1 RA per dose). The dose can be increased to 10 μg/dose (2.4 nmol/dose) after 1 month.[19] | Apr 2005 | AstraZeneca |
| Liraglutide | Victoza® | Once a day (SQ) |
Initiate at 0.6 mg/dose (equivalent to 0.16 μmol GLP-1 RA per dose) for one week then increase to 1.2 mg/dose (0.32 μmol/dose). Dose can be increased to 1.8 mg/dose for additional glycemic control (0.48 μmol/dose).[20] | Jan 2010 | Novo Nordisk |
| Exenatide | Bydureon® | Once weekly (SQ) |
2 mg/dose (equivalent to 0.48 μmol GLP-1 RA per dose). [21] [22] | Jan 2012 | AstraZeneca |
| Bydureon® Bcise | Nov 2017 | ||||
| Albiglutide | Tanzeum® (US) Eperzan® (EU) |
Once weekly (SQ) |
Initiate at 30 mg/dose (equivalent to 0.82 μmol GLP-1 RA per dose); Dose can be increased to 50 mg/dose (1.4 μmol/dose). [23] | Apr 2014 | GlaxoSmithKline |
| Dulaglutide | Trulicity® | Once weekly (SQ) |
Initiate at 0.75 mg/dose (equivalent to 0.024 μmol GLP-1 RA per dose); Dose can be increased to 1.5 mg/dose (0.048 μmol/dose). [24] | Sep 2014 | Eli Lilly & Co |
| Lixisenatide | Adlyxin® (US) Lyxumia® (EU) |
Once a day (SQ) |
Initiate at 10 μg/dose (equivalent to 2.06 nmol GLP-1 RA per dose). On day 15, increase to 20 μg/dose (4.12 nmol/dose). [25] | Jul 2016 | Sanofi-Aventis |
| Semaglutide | Ozempic® | Once weekly (SQ) |
Initiate at 0.25 mg/dose (equivalent to 0.061 μmol GLP-1 RA per dose), increase up to 1 mg/dose (0.24 μmol/dose) after 4 weeks. [26] | Dec 2017 | Novo Nordisk |
| Liraglutide and insulin degludec | Xultophy® 100/3.6 | Once a day (SQ) |
Recommended starting dosage is 16 units of insulin degludec and 0.58 mg (0.15 μmol) of liraglutide per day. Maximum daily dosage is 50 units of insulin degludec and 1.8 mg (0.48 μmol) of liraglutide. [27] | Nov 2016 | Novo Nordisk |
| Lixisenatide and insulin glargine | SULIQUA (EU) SOLIQUA® 100/33 (US) |
Once a day (SQ) |
Initiate at 15 units insulin glargine/5 μg (1.03 nmol) lixisenatide or at 30 units insulin glargine/10 μg (2.06 nmol) lixisenatide. Maximum daily dose is 60 units insulin glargine/20 μg (4.12 nmol) of lixisenatide. [28] | Nov 2016 | Sanofi-Aventis |