Figure 1.

Ecological networks including interaction chains between galling insects (illustrated as insect gall morphotypes in the plant leaves) and host plants. (A) A network composed by host plant species (black plants) and galling insect species (black leaves with white insect galls) tends to be characterized by a low number of interactions. (B) Occurrence of a superhost plant species (green plant) can affect the number of galling species (green leaves with white insect galls) and links (green arrows) in the network and consequently alters the diversity and connectivity of the plant–galling insect network.