Liang 2001.

Methods	Randomised: methods of randomisation and allocation concealment were not described. Non‐blind Blank‐controlled Duration: 15 days. ITT analysis: none were lost to follow‐up.
Participants	Country: single centre in China. Number of participants: 77 (23 female and 54 male). Age: average: 60.4 years in the Cere group, 61.2 years in the control group. Inclusion: VaD according to DSM‐III‐R and ICD‐10 criteria, with a Hachinski score of ≥ 7. Exclusion: not specified. The study groups had similar baseline characteristics.
Interventions	Cere group: Cere 20 mL + physiological saline 200 mL + routine treatment Control group: routine treatment Cere administered by i.v. infusions once daily for 15 days.
Outcomes	HDS
Notes	Participants in both groups were treated with other medicine according to participant's condition, but whether those drugs were balanced between groups or would impact the results was not specified.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of randomisation was not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of allocation concealment was not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding was used according to the report; placebos or blank controlled solutions were not used for blinding.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding was used according to the report; placebos or blank controlled solutions were not used for blinding.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	None of the enrolled participants were lost to the study.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	The study protocol is not available. The only outcome measure listed in the outcome section was reported, but safety results, which would be expected to have been reported for such a study, were not mentioned.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Participants in both groups were treated with other medicine according to participant's condition, but whether those drugs were balanced between groups or would impact the results was not specified.