Table 3.
Demographics of enrolled patients in Phase 1 (pre-TTE) compared to Phase 2 (post-TTE).
| Phase 1(n = 424) | Phase 2(n = 454) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Median, IQR) | 58 (39–70) | 59 (38–70) | 0.84 | |
| Gender (% female) | 254 (59.9%) | 272 (59.9%) | 0.13 | |
| CLINICAL DATA | ||||
| Area of Service | Outpatient/Acute Care | 281 (66.3) | 337 (74.2) | 0.01 |
| Inpatient Ward | 143 (33.7) | 117 (25.8) | ||
| Inclusion Criteria | Dyspnea or exercise intolerance > 1 month | 317 (74.8) | 422 (92.3) | <0.001 |
| Lower extremity edema | 224 (52.8) | 218 (48.0) | 0.16 | |
| Abdominal distention believed to be ascites | 76 (17.9) | 57 (12.6) | 0.03 | |
| Cough > 1 month or wheezing < 1 mo, and CXR not consistent with focal lung infection or TB | 27 (6.3) | 78 (17.2) | <0.001 | |
| Tachycardia not attributed to infection | 112(26.4) | 94 (20.1) | 0.03 | |
| Cyanosis or clubbing | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.7) | 0.27 | |
| Syncope | 9 (2.1) | 17 (3.7) | 0.16 | |
| Chest pain or palpitations, with 2 or more of the following (HTN, DM, smoking, age >50) | 220 (51.9) | 203 (44.7) | 0.03 | |
| Acute stroke | 30 (7.1) | 33 (7.3) | 0.9 | |
| High provider suspicion of cardiovascular pathology | 9 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.002 | |
| Patients meeting ≥3 inclusion criterion | 193 (45.5) | 199 (43.9) | 0.63 | |
| Pre-existing Health Conditions | History of Hypertension | 244 (57.5) | 214 (47.1) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 70 (16.5) | 35 (7.7) | <0.001 | |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.01 | |
| Smoker | 43 (10.1) | 24 (5.3) | 0.008 | |
| Heavy or Chronic Alcohol Use | 100 (23.6) | 114 (25.1) | 0.61 | |
| HIV | 28(6.6) | 45 (9.9) | 0.08 | |
| Prior Cardiovascular Diagnosis | Pericardial Disease | 2 (0.5%) | 5 (1.1%) | 0.32 |
| Hypertensive Heart Failure | 77 (18.2%) | 25 (5.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Congenital Heart Disease | 1 (0.02%) | 1 (0.02) | 1 | |
| Rheumatic or other valvular heart disease | 24 (5.7%) | 12 (2.6%) | 0.02 | |
| Right heart failure | 0 | 2 (0.4%) | 0.19 | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 0 | 6 (1.3%) | 0.01 | |
| Arrythmia | 9 (2.1%) | 10 (2.2%) | 0.92 | |
| Other | 26 (6.1%) | 12 (2.6%) | 0.01 | |
| Cardiovascular Medication Prior to Visit | Any | 232 (54.7) | 170 (37.4) | p < 0.001 |
| Vitals at Presentation | Febrile (n total = 315, 454) | 11 (3.5) | 3 (0.7) | 0.004 |
| Pre-Hypertensive (n total = 405, 450) | 92 (22.7) | 94 (20.9) | 0.52 | |
| Hypertensive Stage 1(n total = 405, 450) | 80 (19.8) | 103 (22.9) | 0.26 | |
| Hypertensive Stage 2(n total = 405, 450) | 151 (37.2) | 144 (32) | 0.11 | |
| Bradycardia | 31 (7.3) | 35 (7.7) | 0.82 | |
| Tachycardia | 121 (28.5) | 126 (27.8) | 0.82 | |
| Tachypnea (RR >25) | 92 (21.7) | 76 (16.7) | 0.06 | |
| Hypoxemia (Sat < 95%) (n total = 291, 451) | 114 (39.2) | 215 (47.7) | 0.01 |