Table 1.

Epidemiology of Bartonella spp., F. tularensis ssp. holarctica and T. gondii.

Pathogen	Occurrence in Sweden	Prevalence in Ixodes ricinus	Other vectors and reservoirs
Bartonella spp.	16% blood donor seroprevalence [13]	4/661 Denmark [7] Ticks were collected from Danish domestic dogs. Detection through PCR and sequencing.	Cats [15]
F. tularensis ssp. holarctica	Reported incidence [10] 2015: 8.7/100 000 2017: 0.9/100 000	4-16/1556 Germany [6] Field collected ticks. Detection through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or 16S rRNA gene sequencing.	Mosquitos, Rodents, Environment [16, 15]
T. gondii	23% blood donor seroprevalence [14]	74/114 Poland [9] Pet and field collected ticks. 33/259 Poland [8] Field collected ticks. Detection through nested PCR.	Warm blooded vertebrates [17]