Table 2. Outcomes of surgery (group A to D, nondiabetic and diabetic).
| Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D | Total | P valuea | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up (month) | 27.2 (±10.1) | 28.2 (±10.3) | 28.9 (±9.8) | 35.7 (±10.1) | 29.9±10.5 | 0.005** | ||
| Forward flexion [degree (range)] | ||||||||
| Preop | Non-DM | 92.8 (±28.7) | 93.8 (±23.5) | 79.0 (±18.5) | 89.2 (±24.0) | 0.09 | 0.28 | |
| DM | 85.7 (±12.7) | 102.2 (±25.9) | 91.7 (±22.3) | 101.0 (±27.7) | 96.3 (±23.5) | |||
| Postop | Non-DM | 164.1 (±24.0) | 163.0 (±21.6) | 163.5 (±20.6) | 168.0 (±19.8) | 164.4 (±21.2) | 0.40 | 0.56 |
| DM | 154.3 (±20.7) | 163.3 (±21.8) | 155.0 (±22.6) | 168.0 (±15.5) | 161.3 (±19.8) | |||
| Abduction [degree (range)] | ||||||||
| Preop | Non-DM | 82.9 (±18.3) | 84.5 (±24.9) | 81.3 (±25.3) | 85.0 (±18.2) | 83.6 (±22.4) | 0.57 | 0.99 |
| DM | 87.9 (±16.3) | 83.3 (±32.0) | 90.0 (±22.8) | 86.0 (±20.7) | 86.4 (±23.0) | |||
| Postop | Non-DM | 174.7 (±10.5) | 168.2 (±22.9) | 165.0 (±16.9) | 170.3 (±10.1) | 169.1 (±17.7) | 0.81 | 0.26 |
| DM | 171.4 (±14.6) | 168.3 (±14.6) | 165.0 (±25.1) | 175.5 (±10.1) | 170.6 (±15.6) | |||
| External rotation [degree (range)] | ||||||||
| Preop | Non-DM | 20.0 (±6.6) | 18.3 (±9.8) | 26.3 (±13.5) | 16.8 (±8.5) | 20.0 (±10.3) | 0.94 | 0.07 |
| DM | 17.1 (±9.5) | 22.2 (±11.2) | 18.3 (±6.1) | 19.5 (±10.9) | 19.5 (±9.7) | |||
| Postop | Non-DM | 39.4 (±7.1) | 39.3 (±7.5) | 36.5 (±10.0) | 38.3 (±7.7) | 38.5 (±8.0) | 0.09 | 0.37 |
| DM | 32.9 (±13.5) | 37.2 (±7.6) | 31.7 (±9.8) | 38.5 (±7.1) | 35.6 (±9.4) | |||
| DASH [mean (range)] | ||||||||
| Non-DM | 7.4(±7.7) | 7.0(±7.6) | 12.2(±13.7) | 8.2(±11.4) | 8.4 (±10.1) | 0.04 | 0.08 | |
| DM | 14.3(±11.1) | 8.1(±9.9) | 20.4(±21.7) | 12.0(±7.0) | 13.5 (±12.5) | |||
| ASES [mean (range)] | ||||||||
| Non-DM | 88.3(±12.7) | 89.7(±10.5) | 82.2(±18.7) | 86.6(±11.1) | 87.2 (±13.2) | 0.14 | 0.03 | |
| DM | 79.3(±14.3) | 93.0(±7.7) | 73.1(±30.3) | 81.2(±11.3) | 82.6 (±17.1) | |||
| Pain relief [weeks (range)] | ||||||||
| Non-DM | 3.4 (±0.7) | 3.7 (±0.5) | 4.4 (±0.6) | 3.3 (±0.6) | 3.7 (±3.0) | 0.88 | 0.81 | |
| DM | 5.1 (±1.1) | 2.4 (±1.0) | 3.0 (±1.2) | 3.9 (±0.9) | 3.6 (±2.4) | |||
| Duration of symptoms (month) | ||||||||
| 2.7 (±0.5) | 5.6 (±0.7) | 11.2 (±1.7) | 38.4 (±23.0) | 14.0 (±17.8) | <0.0001** | |||
| Duration of disease [weeks (range)] | ||||||||
| Non-DM | 14.2 (±2.3) | 26.2 (±2.9) | 49.4 (±8.5) | 151.9 (±76.8) | 55.4 (±7.3) | 0.89 | <0.0001** | |
| DM | 15.4 (±4.4) | 25.1 (±2.9) | 48.0 (±8.4) | 157.5 (±127.1) | 68.7 (±12.5) | |||
| Satisfaction [mean(range)] | ||||||||
| Non-DM | 7.5 (±1.9) | 8.1 (±1.0) | 7.7 (±1.2) | 8.1 (±1.2) | 7.9 (±1.3) | 0.90 | 0.13 | |
| DM | 7.0 (±1.9) | 8.2 (±1.0) | 8.2 (±1.9) | 7.8 (±1.2) | 7.8 (±1.5) | |||
P valuea: between non-DM and DM
P valueb: between four groups
DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; ASES, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score
** Values are statistically significant (P < 0.05)