Figure 6.

24-h treatment of leaves with 20 μM CD or 25 μM LatB activates autophagy. (a) Representative confocal images of autophagy level in 20 μM CD and 25 μM LatB 24 h-treated leaves with (right) or without (left) E-64d. Images were taken at the end of the day (dark 8 h). Autophagic structures were labeled by CFP-ATG8f. 100 μM E-64d was pre-infiltrated at 12 h ahead of imaging. Scale bars: 10 μm. (b) Relative autophagic activity in drug-treated leaves with or without E-64d. Autophagic activity in control plants without E-64d treatment was set to 1.0. More than 150 cells were quantified in each treatment. Values are means ± SE from 3 independent experiments. Student’s t test was performed to indicate significant difference (* 0.01 < p < 0.05, ** 0.001 < p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).