Effect of APS on the lifespan of the silkworm. (A) Unmated females treated with APS (mean lifespan=41.0 d, n=33) lived longer than control female silkworms (mean lifespan= 39.5 d, n=36), p<0.001; (B) There was no significant difference between unmated males treated with APS (mean lifespan=37.96 d, n=42) and control male silkworms (mean lifespan=37.72 d, n=37), p=0.51. C. Unmated females treated with APS (maximum lifespan=43.79 d, n=4) lived longer than control female silkworms (maximum lifespan=41.28 d, n=4), p=0.0001; (D) There were no significant differences between unmated males treated with APS. (E) The maximum lifespan of treatment and control in female and male silkworm. Log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) and Student’s t-test (two tailed) were employed to evaluate the significance between the control and treatment groups. *p<0.05. **p<0.01. ***p<0.001. n.s., not significant.