Table 3.
Summary RR of cardiovascular disease outcomes by different types of nut consumption (comparing highest vs lowest categories)
| No. of cohorts | No. of participants | No. of cases | RR (95%CI) | P for heterogeneity | I 2 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tree nuts | ||||||
| CVD | 3 | 210 836 | 14 136 | 0.85 (0.79, 0.91) | 0.70 | 0 |
| CVD mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stroke | 3 | 210 836 | 5910 | 1.00 (0.89, 1.11) | 0.93 | 0 |
| Stroke mortality | 3 | 118 962 | 1851 | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 0.44 | 0 |
| CHD | 3 | 210 836 | 8390 | 0.77 (0.70, 0.84) | 0.08 | 61 |
| CHD mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Peanuts | ||||||
| CVD | 3 | 210 836 | 14 136 | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) | 0.67 | 0 |
| CVD mortality | 2 | 134 265 | 5572 | 0.77 (0.70, 0.85) | 0.81 | 0 |
| Stroke | 3 | 210 836 | 5910 | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.32 | 13 |
| Stroke mortality | 4 | 253 227 | 3036 | 0.83 (0.73, 0.95) | 0.07 | 57 |
| CHD | 3 | 210 836 | 8390 | 0.85 (0.79, 0.92) | 0.55 | 0 |
| CHD mortality | 2 | 134 265 | 2119 | 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) | 0.46 | 0 |
| Walnuts | ||||||
| CVD | 3 | 144 021 | 5255 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) | 0.03 | 73 |
| CVD mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stroke | 3 | 144 021 | 5910 | 0.85 (0.71, 1.02) | 0.19 | 39 |
| Stroke mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CHD | 3 | 144 021 | 2685 | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) | 0.04 | 69 |
| CHD mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Peanut butter | ||||||
| CVD | 3 | 210 836 | 14 136 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) | <0.01 | 89 |
| CVD mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stroke | 3 | 210 836 | 5910 | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | <0.01 | 86 |
| Stroke mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CHD | 3 | 210 836 | 8390 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.17 | 43 |
| CHD mortality | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; RR, risk ratio.