Figure 1. Appetitive classical conditioning regime for head-fixed mice.

(A) Diagram of headplate and 3 mm cranial window. (B) Scale representation of the 3 mm cranial windows over either Lobule Simplex (LS) or Crus I and II. (C) Mice viewed a static full screen vertical grating that was transiently replaced by a horizontal grating for 100 ms to cue reward delivery following a 600 ms delay. (D) Trial structure and progression of learning sessions. (E) Left, mean reaction time, defined as the first lick following the visual cue, on rewarded trials across training days. Right, mean reaction time on rewarded trials before learning and after learning. (F) Left, mean miss rate, defined as the fraction of trials with no licks within 1 s after the cue, on rewarded trials across training days. Right, mean miss rate on rewarded trials before and after learning (G) Mean lick rates aligned to visual cue onset, before (top) and after (bottom) learning for rewarded trials (RW, left) and omission trials (right, dotted line indicates time when reward would have been delivered).