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SEM of juvenile Heliocidaris erythrogramma reared in four pH and three temperature levels in all combinations for 14 days. Urchins had shorter spines and smaller tests at pHNBS 7.4 (see Wolfe et al. 2013b). At control pH (A, E) the arrows point to the terminal spike which is the calcite growing region of the spines compared with the flat-ended spines of juveniles reared in pHNBS 7.4 indicating retarded or no calcification. Images courtesy of Dr K Wolfe.
