Table 1.

Sample Characteristics

Characteristic	Participants (N = 29 Clinicians)	Recruitment Pool (N = 134 Clinicians)
Practice setting
Public system
Clinics, No.	11	15
Clinicians, No. (%)	20 (69)	88 (66)
University system
Clinics, No.	5	5
Clinicians, No. (%)	9 (31)	46 (34)
Profession type, No. (%)
Physician	22 (76)	93 (69)
Nurse practitioner	6 (21)	38 (28)
Physician assistant	1 (3)	3 (2)
Specialty, No. (%)
Family medicine	13 (45)	59 (44)
Internal medicine	10 (34)	52 (39)
Pediatrics	6 (21)	23 (17)
Time in clinical practice, No. (%)		NA
<1 year	1 (3)
1-5 years	11 (38)
>5 years	17 (59)
Half-day patient care sessions worked per week, mean (range)	4.8 (2-8)	NA
Minutes per visit, mean (range)	23 (12-30)	NA
Patients in panel, mean (range)	680 (100-1,600)	NA
Clinic SDH score, No.a		NA
1	0
2	1
3	0
4	2
5	3
6	3
7	10
8	3
9	4
10	2
Burnout riskb		NA
EE score, No. (%)
Low	6 (21)
Average	11 (39)
High	11 (39)
DP score, No. (%)
Low	19 (68)
Average	6 (21)
High	3 (11)

EE = emotional exhaustion; DP = depersonalization; NA = data not available; SDH = social determinants of health.

^aAvailability of resources to address social needs. Assessed from response to, “My clinic has the resources, such as dedicated staff, community programs, resources or tools to address patients’ social needs,” on a scale of 1 to 10 where higher score indicates greater agreement.

^bAmong 28 clinicians (1 clinician did not provide responses). EE: 0-1 for low, 2-3 for average, 4-6 for high (range, 1-6). DP: 0-1 for low, 2-3 for average, 4-6 for high (range, 0-5). Response options: 0 = never, 1 = a few times a year or less, 2 = once a month or less, 3 = a few times a month, 4 = once a week, 5 = a few times a week, 6 = every day.³⁶