Table 1.

Joinpoint Analysis of Number of Papers Addressing Ethical Themes from 2002 to 2018

Principle	Theme	Start of Trend	End of Trend	APC	95% CI	P
Autonomy	Informed consent/donor family consent	2002	2004	296.4	−49.5 to 3,012.9	NS
		2004	2018	−8.3	−16.8 to 1.0	NS
	Patient’s choice/decision making	2002	2018	−1.8	−9.5 to 6.5	NS
	Exit strategy	2002	2018	−2.8	−6.6 to 1.1	NS
Beneficence	Identity	2002	2004	228.9	−63.2 to 2,838.0	NS
		2004	2018	−11.1	−19.8 to −1.5	<0.05*
	Quality of life	2002	2004	235.1	−39.4 to 1,753.7	NS
		2004	2018	−6.1	−13.3 to 1.8	NS
	Functional recovery/improvement	2002	2018	−1.6	−9.8 to 7.4	NS
Nonmaleficence	Immunosuppression/rejection	2002	2018	−3.4	−11.5 to 5.4	NS
	Risk-benefit ratio	2002	2018	−5.3	−11.1 to 0.9	NS
	Surgery/graft failure	2002	2018	−2.3	−9.8 to 5.7	NS
Justice	Cost/financial	2002	2018	6.0	−1.1 to 13.6	NS
	Patient selection/compliance	2002	2018	0.3	−8.4 to 9.8	NS
	Facial tissue donation and restoration	2002	2018	−5.5	−14.4 to 4.3	NS
	Privacy/media	2002	2018	−2.8	−8.2 to 2.9	NS

CI, confidence interval; NS, not significant.