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. 2019 Sep 30;47(20):10815–10829. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz821

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6. — A model for AID putative access to the NTS and TS during Pol II transcription. Sketch of how AID might interact with dC residues on both the TS or NTS to convert C → U. Pol II has been observed to pause and to backtrack during transcription elongation. We propose that paused or backtracked Pol II interacts with AID at the upstream edge of the transcription bubble where the TS and NTS strands exit the polymerase, as inferred from structural studies of Pol II elongation complexes. In this model, AID can interact with dC residues on both the TS or NTS to convert C → U. Structural and single-molecule resolution transcriptional data suggest that AID could have access to about a 15 nt region of transient ssDNA, corresponding to a stalled transcription bubble (∼10 nt) and perhaps an additional region of ssDNA resulting from a backtracked Pol II (∼5 nt).