Table 1  Demographic characteristics of the study cohorts, divided according to birth weight.

Variable	4 000 – 4 499 g	4 500 – 4 999 g	≥ 5 000 g	all	p
	2 005 (88%)	249 (11%)	23 (1%)	2277
(* n ):  Number of missing data for the variable **  Fisherʼs exact test (instead of χ 2 test, if expected n of a group < 5) ***  p value based on the Mann-Whitney U test < 4 500 g vs. ≥ 4 500 g.
Age ≥ 40 years	138 (7%)	18 (7%)	5 (22%)	161 (7%)
	156 (7%)		5 (22%)		0.020**
Week of pregnancy	40.2 (± 1.0)	40.1 (± 1.1)		40.2 (± 1.0)	0.307
Diabetes	74 (4%)	19 (8%)	6 (26%)	99 (4%)	0.000
		25 (9%)			0.000
dGDM	42 (2%)	6 (2%)	4 (17%)	52 (2%)	0.000
iGDM	24 (1%)	10 (4%)	1 (4%)	35 (2%)
DMT1	5 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0	6 (0.3%)
DMT2	3 (0.1%)	2 (0.8%)	1 (4%)	6 (0.3%)
Weight prior to pregnancy ≤ 80 kg	476 (24%)	77 (32%)	9 (39%)	562 (25%)	0.013
		86 (32%)			0.005
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 prior to pregnancy) (* 116 )	331 (17%)	59 (25%)	8 (35%)	398 (18%)
		67 (26%)			0.001
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) (* 253 )	16 (IQR 12 – 20)	17 (IQR 13 – 21)	16 (IQR 12 – 21)	16 (IQR 12 – 20)	0.103***
Sex, male (* 1 )	1 282 (64%)	168 (68%)	15 (65%)	1 465 (64%)	0.552
		183 (67%)			0.285
Multipara (* 4 )	98 (5%)	16 (6%)		114 (5%)	0.475
	110 (5%)		4 (17%)		0.025**
Unipara (* 4 )	798 (40%)	86 (35%)	8 (35%)	888 (39%)	0.289
Post-term
≤ 40 + 0	781 (39%)	101 (41%)	13 (57%)	895 (39%)
40 + 1 – 41 + 6	1 196 (60%)	145 (58%)	10 (44%)	1 351 (59%)
≥ 42 + 0	28 (1%)	3 (1%)	0	31 (1%)
Only spontaneous, vaginal-surgical or sec. section mode of delivery	1 737 (89%)	197 (10%)	16 (1%)	1 950
Induction (* 15 )	658 (38%)	84 (44%)	5 (31%)	747 (39%)
		89 (43%)			0.170
Induction method (* 3 )
Minprostin vaginal gel	198 (30%)	28 (32%)		226 (30%)
Misoprostol oral	321 (49%)	45 (51%)		366 (49%)
Long-term oxytocin infusion	126 (19%)	13 (15%)		139 (19%)
Amniotomy	5 (1%)	3 (3%)		8 (1%)
Other	5 (1%)	0		5 (1%)