Table 3.
Risk of incident AD pre-dementia associated with time-dependent depression dimensions (separate models for each dimension), stratified by depressive symptomatology and antidepressant or anxiolytic (AA) medication use
| Women (n events/N) | Men (n events/N) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | pe | HR (95% CI) | pe | |
| Depressive symptomatology: Lowa | 164/1902 | 118/1744 | ||
| Somatic affectc | 1.22 (1.08;1.38) | 0.002 | 1.30 (1.14;1.48) | 0.0001 |
| Depressed affectc | 1.15 (1.02;1.29) | 0.02 | 1.01 (0.82;1.25) | 0.92 |
| Positive affectd | 1.05 (0.98;1.13) | 0.19 | 1.02 (0.94;1.12) | 0.60 |
| Interpersonal challenge | 1.03 (0.86;1.24) | 0.74 | 1.27 (1.02;1.58) | 0.03 |
| Total scorec | 1.36 (1.12;1.64) | 0.002 | 1.38 (1.10;1.74) | 0.006 |
| AA use: Nob | 112/1432 | 99/1495 | ||
| Somatic affectc | 1.14 (0.98;1.32) | 0.09 | 1.26 (1.08;1.47) | 0.004 |
| Depressed affectc | 1.28 (1.12;1.47) | 0.0004 | 0.94 (0.73;1.21) | 0.62 |
| Positive affectd | 1.04 (0.95;1.14) | 0.36 | 0.99 (0.90;1.10) | 0.99 |
| Interpersonal challenge | 1.05 (0.85;1.30) | 0.65 | 1.16 (0.87;1.53) | 0.31 |
| AA use: Yesb | 52/470 | 19/249 | ||
| Somatic affectc | 1.37 (1.09;1.72) | 0.008 | 1.51 (1.14;1.99) | 0.004 |
| Depressed affectc | 0.97 (0.78;1.21) | 0.79 | 1.59 (1.03;2.45) | 0.04 |
| Positive affectd | 1.08 (0.95;1.22) | 0.25 | 1.12 (0.92;1.37) | 0.25 |
| Interpersonal challenge | 0.93 (0.66;1.31) | 0.68 | 1.77 (1.22;2.59) | 0.003 |
| Depressive symptomatology: Higha | 130/1472 | 21/499 | ||
| Somatic affectc | 1.11 (1.03;1.19) | 0.009 | 0.97 (0.78;1.20) | 0.77 |
| Depressed affectc | 1.09 (1.03;1.15) | 0.002 | 1.11 (0.95;1.30) | 0.20 |
| Positive affectd | 1.08 (1.02;1.15) | 0.005 | 1.16 (1.01;1.34) | 0.03 |
| Interpersonal challenge | 1.13 (1.04;1.23) | 0.003 | 1.05 (0.82;1.35) | 0.70 |
| Total scorec | 1.18 (1.08;1.29) | 0.002 | 1.15 (0.91;1.45) | 0.25 |
| AA use: Nob | 61/714 | |||
| Somatic affectc | 1.17 (1.05;1.31) | 0.007 | – | |
| Depressed affectc | 1.15 (1.07;1.25) | 0.0004 | – | |
| Positive affectd | 1.10 (1.02;1.19) | 0.02 | – | |
| Interpersonal challenge | 1.26 (1.12;1.41) | 0.0001 | – | |
| AA use: Yesb | 69/758 | |||
| Somatic affectc | 1.08 (0.97;1.20) | 0.18 | – | |
| Depressed affectc | 1.04 (0.96;1.12) | 0.34 | – | |
| Positive affectd | 1.07 (0.99;1.16) | 0.08 | – | |
| Interpersonal challenge | 1.03 (0.91;1.16) | 0.65 | – | |
afor pre-AD dementia subjects: a high versus low depressive symptomatology was defined as a CES-D score ≥ 16 at assessment point or at any earlier follow-up, including study entry; for others: this was defined as a CES-D score ≥ 16 at the 2, 4 or 7-year follow-up
bfor pre-AD dementia subjects: AA use was defined as use of AA medication at assessment point or at any earlier follow-up, including study entry; for others: this was defined as use at the 2, 4 or 7-year follow-up
cstandardised to 0–12 scale
dreversed so that a high score reflects a low positive affect
eCox proportional hazard model with age as the time-scale, adjusted for study centre, education (>5 years), Apoe4 and the following time-dependent variables: diabetes (no/yes), ischemic disease (no/yes), dependency (3 levels)