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. 2019 Nov 11;9:16534. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52919-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Numerical results II. Simulated proton phase space at $t = 1131 ω_{L}^{- 1}$ with (a) cylindrical and (b) planar targets. (a) The half-ring like region in the right part indicative of strong modulations in the proton numbers, represents the modulation seen in the energy spectra. These features are present and uniform over a large emission angle of ±75°. The scintillator’s acceptance angle (±9.4°) is also shown. (b) Simulation using a rectangular target (1 × 20 μm²) showing a significant reduction in emission angle to ±14°. (c) Simulated proton energy spectra within an opening angle of 01 mrad around laser forward direction for the case of a cylindrical target (black solid line) and a planar target (red dashed line).