FIGURE 11.

Plasma concentrations of glucose (A), insulin (B), and triglycerides (C) after 4 wk PBO, RBJ, PBO + NIT, and NF-RBJ treatment ingestion at baseline (0 h) and 1, 2, and 4 h after consuming a high-fat meal, and postprandial (0–240 min) glucose (D), insulin (E), and triglyceride (F) incremental AUC (iAUC) at the chronic visit. Data in A–C are presented as log-transformed least square means ± SEM, n = 15. Data in D–F are presented as untransformed mean ± SEM. Values in A–C were compared with the use of the PROC MIXED procedure, whereas iAUC values in D–F were compared by use of the PROC GLM procedure with Tukey's multiple comparison test in SAS version 9.4. All time points were significantly different from baseline for plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations among all treatment groups. For plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride responses, there were no significant effects of time, treatment, or interaction effect of time*treatment. PBO, placebo; RBJ, red beetroot juice; PBO + NIT, PBO + nitrate; NF-RBJ, nitrate-free RBJ.