Table 2.

Association Between Race and Uninsurance Among Non-Hispanic White and Asian Adults Age 18–64 in California, 2014–2016

Race/ethnic subgroup	Unadjusted rates		Model 1: unadjusted		Model 2*: predisposing		Model 3†: predisposing, enabling		Model 4‡: predisposing, enabling, need		Model 5§: predisposing, enabling, need, acculturation
	%	p	OR	p	AOR	p	AOR	p	AOR	p	AOR	p
Non-Hispanic White (ref)	7.28	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
Asian Americans (aggregate)	10.26	0.01	1.46	0.01	1.62	< 0.01	1.45	0.03	1.48	0.02	1.12	0.58
Chinese	9.03	0.32	1.26	0.33	1.41	0.17	1.28	0.32	1.28	0.31	0.86	0.63
Korean	10.48	0.20	1.49	0.21	1.75	0.11	1.49	0.26	1.47	0.28	0.93	0.84
Filipino	10.62	0.12	1.51	0.12	1.62	0.09	1.48	0.17	1.51	0.15	1.25	0.46
Vietnamese	12.68	0.02	1.85	0.02	2.01	0.02	1.69	0.06	1.79	0.04	1.37	0.35
Japanese	8.45	0.75	1.18	0.74	1.50	0.40	1.55	0.36	1.62	0.31	1.45	0.45

*Predisposing factors were age, gender, highest level of education attained, marital status, and household size

^†Enabling factors were household income measured as a percentage of the federal poverty level, employment status, and urban/rural designation

^‡Need factor was self-reported health status

^§Acculturation factors were being born in the USA, being a US citizen, percent of life spent in the USA, and English proficiency