Table 4.

Association Between Race and Delaying Medical Care in the Past 12 Months Among Non-Hispanic White and Asian Adults Age 18–64 in California, 2014–2016

Race/ethnic subgroup	Unadjusted rates		Model 1: unadjusted		Model 2*: predisposing		Model 3†: predisposing, enabling		Model 4‡: predisposing, enabling, need		Model 5§: predisposing, enabling, need, acculturation
	%	p	OR	p	AOR	p	AOR	p	AOR	p	AOR	p
Non-Hispanic White (ref)	18.32	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–	1.00	–
Asian Americans (aggregate)	9.31	< 0.01	0.46	< 0.01	0.46	< 0.01	0.44	< 0.01	0.40	< 0.01	0.48	< 0.01
Chinese	7.88	< 0.01	0.38	< 0.01	0.38	< 0.01	0.36	< 0.01	0.33	< 0.01	0.42	< 0.01
Korean	17.39	0.86	0.94	0.86	0.97	0.93	0.91	0.79	0.86	0.68	1.05	0.90
Filipino	8.83	< 0.01	0.43	< 0.01	0.43	< 0.01	0.41	< 0.01	0.38	< 0.01	0.43	0.01
Vietnamese	6.72	< 0.01	0.32	< 0.01	0.32	< 0.01	0.30	< 0.01	0.25	< 0.01	0.34	< 0.01
Japanese	9.92	0.09	0.49	0.11	0.47	0.10	0.47	0.10	0.44	0.07	0.44	0.08

*Predisposing factors were age, gender, highest level of education attained, marital status, and household size

^†Enabling factors were household income measured as a percentage of the federal poverty level, employment status, urban/rural designation, and being uninsured

^‡Need factor was self-reported health status

^§Acculturation factors were being born in the USA, being a US citizen, percent of life spent in the USA, and English proficiency