Table 2.
Marginal Expenditures, Resource Utilization, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adults with ASCVD and No Depression, by Depression Risk, from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2004–2015
| Variables | Low risk for depression | High risk for depression | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expenditures and resource utilization | |||
| Marginal healthcare expenditures (expenditure (95% CI)) | Reference | $2876 (2574, 3177) | < 0.001 |
| Marginal OOP healthcare expenditures (expenditure (95% CI)) | Reference | $286 (270, 303) | < 0.001 |
| > 2 ED visits (OR (95% CI)) | Reference | 2.25 (1.61, 3.16) | 0.009 |
| > 2 hospitalizations (OR (95% CI)) | Reference | 2.77 (1.74, 4.43) | 0.01 |
| Healthcare-related quality of life | |||
| SF-12 PCS (unadjusted mean difference (95% CI)) | Reference | − 9.75 (− 10.42, − 9.07) | 0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS (unadjusted mean difference (95% CI)) | Reference | − 19.69 (− 20.53, − 18.86) | < 0.001 |
| Poor Perceived Health Status (OR (95% CI)) | Reference | 5.52 (4.28, 7.12) | 0.001 |
| Patient healthcare experience | |||
| Poor patient-provider communication (OR (95% CI)) | Reference | 2.41 (1.72, 3.39) | 0.008 |
| Poor patient satisfaction (OR (95% CI)) | Reference | 2.10 (1.64, 2.71) | 0.006 |
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CI, confidence intervals; OOP, out-of-pocket; ED, emergency department; OR, odds ratio; SF-12, 12-item Short Form; PCS, physical component score; MCS, mental component score
Logistic regression adjusted for age, CV risk factors, sex, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, marital status, region, and modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (without CV components)