Table 1.

Database characteristics

	Mondriaan	Danish National Registries	AOK Nordwest	Bavarian Claims	BIFAP	SIDIAP	CPRD	EGB
Source population (million inhabitants)	0.4	5.5	2.7	10.5	7.5	5.8	12.5	0.7
Population coverage	3%	100%	24%	84%	16.4%a	80%	8%a	Representative sample of Système National d'Informations Inter‐Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie [98.8%]
Year(s) covered for this study	2012–2015b	2008–2015	2008–2015	2008–2015	2008–2015	2009–2015	2008–2015	2013–2015c
Type of databased	GP prescribing data and pharmacy dispensing data.	Dispensing data from community pharmacies.	Claims database including data for dispensed reimbursed drugs	Claims database including data for dispensed reimbursed drugs.	General practice prescribing data/reimbursed data.	General practice prescribing data/reimbursed data.	General practice prescribing data.	Claims database including dispensed reimbursed data.
Data available since	1991	1994	2007	2008	2001	2006	1987	2004
Demographic variables available
Date of registration	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (first consultation)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Date of transferring out	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes (last consultation)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Date of birth	DD‐MM‐YY	MM‐YY	MM‐YY	MM‐YY	MM‐YY	MM‐YY	MM‐YY	YY
Sex	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Drug information available
Active international coding	ATC	ATC	ATC	ATC	ATC	ATC	BNF	ATC
Product coding	HPK	Nordic article number	PZN	PZN	CNF	Yese	Product code	CIP‐13
Date of prescribing/dispensing	Yes	Yes	Primary care sector: Yes	Yes (for each prescription the quarter is documented)	Yes	Yesf	Yes	Yes
Primary care sector
GP	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Specialist	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Secondary care sector	No	No	Yes—only for a few selected (expensive) compounds, but no (D)OAC prescriptions	No	No	No	No	Yes—only for a few selected (expensive) compounds, but no (D)OAC prescriptions
Quantity prescribed/dispensed	Yes	Yes	Yes (package size)	Yes (package size)	Yes	Yesg	Yes	Yes
Dosing regimen	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yesh	Yes	No
Outcome information
Outpatient primary care diagnosis	ICPC	No	ICD‐10‐GM (quarterly base)	ICD‐10‐GM (for each diagnosis the quarter is documented)	ICPC‐2, ICD‐9	ICD‐10	ICD‐9, ICD‐10	ICD‐10
Hospital discharge diagnosis	No	ICD‐8, ICD‐10	ICD‐10‐GM	No	No	Noi	ICD‐9, ICD‐10	ICD‐10
Laboratory tests	Yes	No	No	No	Yes (as requested by GP)	Yes	Yes	No
Mortality	Yes	Yes	No (incompletely recorded, e.g. no follow‐up for patients leaving the AOK)	No	Yes (no cause of death)	Yes (no cause of death)	Yes	Yes (no cause of death)

^aRepresentative of general population.

^bNo data on DOAC) use available until 2012. DOACs were not prescribed by general practitioners in the Netherlands before 2012.

^cNo data on DOAC use available until 2013.

^dPrescribing databases: collect information on prescribed drugs by GP; Reimbursement databases: collect information on dispensed drugs funded by Health Care Services; Dispensing databases: collect all dispensation of prescription drugs regardless of the drug's reimbursement status (Ref. Eriksson E and Ibañez L. Secondary data sources for drug utilization research. In Elseviers M et al. Drug utilization research. Methods and applications. John Willey and Sons, 2016).

^eRegistered but not available for research due to confidentiality reasons;

^fFor dispensing: MM/YY;

^gNumber of reimbursed packages;

^hOnly in prescribing data;

ⁱAvailable for 28% of included population.

(D)OAC, (direct) oral anticoagulant; GP, general practitioner; ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Classification; BNF, British National Formulary; HPK, Handels Product Code; PZN, Pharma Zentral Nummer; CNF, Código Nacional Farmacéutico; ICD (International Classification of Diseases; ICD‐10‐GM: ICD ‐10‐German Modification), ICPC (International Classification of Primary Care).