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. 2019 Nov 7;11:589–596. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S224159

Table 1.

Causes Of Miscarriage

Categories Features
Abnormal embryo Structural anomalies incompatible with life
Chromosomal abnormalities: trisomy, polyploidy, monosomy X, structural abnormalities of individual chromosomes
Hostile maternal environment Uterine abnormalities: congenital anomalies, adhesions, leiomyoma
Infection: bacterial vaginosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, rubella
Chronic maternal disease: poorly controlled diabetes, celiac disease
Immune dysfunction: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity
Endocrine: absence of proper progesterone concentration, thyroid hormone levels

Note: Data from Larsen et al2, Griebel et al3 and Zhang et al.4