Abnormal embryo |
Structural anomalies incompatible with life |
Chromosomal abnormalities: trisomy, polyploidy, monosomy X, structural abnormalities of individual chromosomes |
Hostile maternal environment |
Uterine abnormalities: congenital anomalies, adhesions, leiomyoma |
Infection: bacterial vaginosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, rubella |
Chronic maternal disease: poorly controlled diabetes, celiac disease |
Immune dysfunction: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity |
Endocrine: absence of proper progesterone concentration, thyroid hormone levels |