Table 3.
Predictor for reintubation in HFNC group
| Characteristics | Non-reintubation (n=69) | Reintubation (n=15) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 49 (71.0) | 11 (73.3) | 1.000a |
| Age (yr) | 74.0 (65.50–80.50) | 72.00 (67.00–74.00) | 0.245 |
| Height (cm) | 162.0 (158.0–170.0) | 164.50 (160.00–165.00) | 0.711 |
| Body weight (kg) | 58.0 (50.0–70.0) | 55.30 (50.00–60.00) | 0.656 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.7 (18.7–24.9) | 22.03 (19.59–23.44) | 0.717 |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (21.7) | 4 (26.7) | 0.736a |
| Hypertension | 25 (36.2) | 6 (40.0) | 0.784 |
| Malignant disease | 6 (8.7) | 4 (26.7) | 0.073a |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 40 (58.0) | 7 (46.7) | 0.424 |
| Chronic heart disease | 18 (26.1) | 4 (26.7) | 1.000a |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1.000a |
| Chronic renal disease | 7 (10.1) | 4 (26.7) | 0.102a |
| Neurologic disease | 20 (29.0) | 7 (46.7) | 0.226a |
| Cause of mechanical ventilation | |||
| Pneumonia | 36 (52.2) | 9 (60.0) | 0.776 |
| Airway disease | 9 (13.0) | 4 (26.7) | 0.235a |
| Hemoptysis | 3 (4.3) | 0 | 1.000a |
| Drug intoxication | 13 (18.8) | 1 (6.7) | 0.447a |
| Post operation | 2 (2.9) | 0 | 1.000a |
| Heat failure | 3 (4.3) | 0 | 1.000a |
| Others | 3 (4.3) | 1 (6.7) | 0.552a |
| Type of respiratory failure at intubationb | |||
| Tachypneic respiratory failure | 5 (7.2) | 1 (6.7) | 1.000a |
| Hypercapnic respiratory failure | 31 (44.9) | 7 (46.7) | 0.902 |
| Hypoxic respiratory failure | 22 (31.9) | 1 (6.7) | 0.058a |
| Othersc | 15 (21.7) | 7 (46.7) | 0.058a |
| Severity index | |||
| APACHE II score at ICU admission | 22.0 (17.50–25.00) | 22.00 (19.00–25.00) | 0.516 |
| APACHE II score at extubation | 17.0 (15.0–19.0) | 16.00 (13.00–22.00) | 0.541 |
| Vital sign and arterial blood gas before intubation | |||
| Heart rate | 100.00 (84.00–124.50) | 101.00 (88.00–118.00) | 0.820 |
| Respiratory rate | 22.00 (18.00–26.00) | 22.00 (18.00–28.00) | 0.977 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 44.90 (30.50–60.95) | 38.60 (32.00–86.00) | 0.356 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 131.97 (86.90–256.19) | 120.86 (80.12–291.90) | 0.907 |
| (A–a) DO2 | 186.97 (48.71–411.96) | 179.53 (50.43- 465.58) | 0.532 |
| Vital sign and arterial blood gas before extubation | |||
| Heart rate on ventilation | 82.00 (73.50–101.00) | 87.00 (76.00–109.00) | 0.272 |
| Respiratory rate on ventilation | 18.00 (16.00–21.00) | 18.00 (15.00–20.00) | 0.366 |
| PaCO2 on ventilation (mmHg) | 34.60 (30.50–40.30) | 35.40 (27.70–46.80) | 0.717 |
| PaO2/FiO2 on ventilation (mmHg) | 286.75 (215.62–361.00) | 321.00 (165.75–400.00) | 0.939 |
| (A–a) DO2 at spontaneous breathing trial | 143.62 (110.02–166.10) | 123.42 (92.25–178.92) | 0.640 |
| High risk patient | |||
| Age older than 65 years | 53 (76.8) | 12 (80.0) | 1.000a |
| Body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 | 6 (8.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1.000a |
| Ventilator duration more than 7 days | 22 (31.9) | 8 (53.3) | 0.116 |
| Charlson comorbidity index of 2 or more | 26 (37.7) | 7 (46.7) | 0.518a |
| APACHE II score of more than 12 | 66 (95.7) | 14 (93.3) | 0.552a |
| Heart failure as a cause of intubation | 3 (4.3) | 0 | 1.000a |
| Moderate to severe COPD | 15 (21.7) | 1 (6.7) | 0.282a |
| Failure with first SBT trial | 40 (58.0) | 12 (80.0) | 0.111 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation before extubation (hr) | 117.15 (70.71–210.29) | 181.46 (82.83–273.66) | 0.197 |
| Hospital day before extubation trial (day) | 6.00 (4.00–10.00) | 9.00 (8.00–14.00) | 0.036 |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
HFNC: high-flow nasal cannula; APACHE: Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU: intensive care unit; PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2: ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen; (A–a) DO2: alveolar–arterial oxygen difference; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBT: spontaneous breathing trial.
a
Fisher exact test;
b
Type of respiratory failure can be classified according to each group, if it satisfies both criteria;
c
Respiratory failure that was not satisfy each criterion.