Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and demographics.
| Stab-only (Mean ± SD) |
Stab + NMES (Mean ± SD) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age | 38.33 ± 11.3 | 33.40 ± 9.0 |
| Height (cm) | 164.98 ± 7.6 | 171.3 ± 10.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.11 ± 14.2 | 77.71 ± 13.2 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.89 ± 3.8 | 26.47 ± 2.9 |
| MODQ | 30.80 ± 10.2 | 30.52 ± 7.8 |
| NPRS | 4.44 ± 1.8 | 4.20 ± 1.9 |
| FABQ-PA | 12.33 ± 5.5 | 14.27 ± 6.5 |
| FABQ-W | 12.20 ± 10.9 | 11.67 ± 10.5 |
| Paraspinal muscles strength (Nm) | 117.29 ± 57.7 | 154.49 ± 59.1 |
| Gender | n | n |
| Male | 4 | 7 |
| Female | 11 | 8 |
| Ethnicity | ||
| White Caucasian | 9 | 13 |
| African-Americans | 4 | 1 |
| Asians | 1 | 1 |
| Others | 1 | 0 |
NMES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation; SD, standard deviation; MODQ, Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire; NPRS, Numeric Pain Rating Scale; FABQ-PA, fear-avoidance behavior questionnaire – physical activity; FABQ-W, fear-avoidance behavior questionnaire – work.