Table 1.

Correlation of HDGF, VEGF and clinicopathological data

Parameters		HDGF-N	P value	HDGF-C	P value	VEGF	P value
Gender	Male	50.0 ± 24.7	0.368	56.6 ± 25.1	0.650	67.0 ± 27.4	0.815
	Female	36.6 ± 40.4		63.3 ± 30.6		63.3 ± 15.3
Age (years)		r = 0.126	0.223	r = 0.112	0.281	r = 0.04	0.970
Primary tumor (T)	T1-T2	41.2 ± 21.6	0.004*	53.6 ± 27.6	0.166	61.02 ± 27.9	0.038*
	T3	45.3 ± 24.1		54.7 ± 23.0		68.3 ± 28.4
	T4	59.2 ± 27.1		61.5 ± 22.4		73.6 ± 24.8
Nodal status (N)	N0	49.7 ± 22.6	0.924	54.6 ± 26.8	0.814	59.3 ± 23.6	0.021*
	N1	50.3 ± 20.2		64.7 ± 24.9		67.7 ± 27.9
	N2	40.2 ± 28.9		55.9 ± 23.8		73.3 ± 28.3
Extracapsular extension of metastatic nodes	Present	54.7 ± 29.6	0.149	58.7 ± 26.3	0.996	77.3 ± 25.5	0.052
	Absent	44.9 ± 24.7		58.7 ± 23.3		63.7 ± 29.4
Histological grade	W-D	40.9 ± 25.1	0.013*	61.9 ± 24.3	0.061	58.1 ± 23.7	0.017*
	M-D	53.6 ± 22.9		57.6 ± 26.6		75.7 ± 24.4
	P-D	59.1 ± 24.6		45.9 ± 21.9		68.8 ± 32.5
Vascular invasion	Present	55.2 ± 27.1	0.205	57.1 ± 27.3	0.948	71.7 ± 25.9	0.325
	Absent	47.7 ± 24.3		56.7 ± 24.6		65.4 ± 27.4
Perineurial invasion	Present	54.0 ± 27.6	0.290	52.9 ± 25.6	0.356	73.9 ± 23.6	0.127
	Absent	47.9 ± 24.1		58.3 ± 25.0		64.4 ± 27.9
Tumor necrosis	Present	53.1 ± 25.7	0.276	66.4 ± 21.3	0.002*	70.4 ± 25.6	0.320
	Absent	47.3 ± 24.7		50.7 ± 25.7		64.7 ± 27.9
CIS at adjacent mucosa	Present	55.2 ± 22.3	0.161	58.6 ± 24.1	0.658	66.9 ± 28.5	0.997
	Absent	47.2 ± 25.9		56.0 ± 25.7		66.9 ± 26.6
HDGF-N				r = 0.131	0.204	r = 0.280	0.006*
HDGF-C						r = −0.022	0.831

W-D, Well differentiated; M-D, Moderately differentiated; P-D, Poorly differentiated; CIS, Carcinoma in situ; HDGF-N, Nuclear expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor; HDGF-C, Cytoplasmic expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; *, Statistical significance; All values are presented as mean ± SD. The correlation analyses were evaluated using the X² test, t-test, and ANOVA as appropriate