Figure 3.

NFAT-Specific Inhibition by dNP2-VIVIT Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Differentiation

Naive (CD4⁺CD25⁻CD62L^highCD44^low) T cells were differentiated into Th1 (A-C), Th2 (D-F), Th17 (G-I), and iT_reg (J and K) skewing conditions in the presence of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation for 5 days. Cells were incubated with 1 μM dNP2-VEET, dNP2-VIVIT, and 20 ng/mL CsA. The frequencies and concentrations of IFN-γ (A–C) and IL-17A (D–F) in the supernatants were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. (G–I) The frequencies of IL-4 and IL-13 were analyzed by flow cytometry. (J and K) Foxp3-expressing cells were analyzed. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three (n = 3) independent experiments (A–F, J, and K) or are representative of four (n = 4) independent experiments (G–I); statistical analysis by two-tailed Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. NS, not significant.