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. 2019 Nov 5;13:1116. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01116

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Copyright © 2019 Grote, Levnajić, Puff, Ohland, Goswami, Frühwirth and Moser.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The overall dynamics of the vagal activity during the operation-rehabilitation process. Each color represents the value of the vagal activity averaged over all 16 patients on a given measurement day (horizontal axis, T1–T10) and at a given circadian hour (vertical axis, time runs from bottom to top). Clinical phases are also indicated on the horizontal axis. Each averaged vagal activity value is represented as a color, where red means low and blue means high vagal activity (see color bar). Phases of the operation-rehabilitation process are delimited by the dashed lines. Vagal activity is reduced during peri-operative phase (T3), especially during the night. During the post-operative rehabilitation (T4–T6) original vagal activity values are gradually restored. See also our statistical analysis (Tables 1, 2), which confirms the statistical significance of the vagal activity changes.