FIGURE 5.

Pre-operative cardio-autonomic status - patients with weak vs. stronge vagal activity. Mean (absolute) z-difference (weak vs. strong vagal activity) = 0.759, T = –2.936 (df = 14), p = 0.011^∗ (MANOVA: F = 3.113, p = 0.062, ${\mathrm{\eta }}_{\text{p}}^2$ = 0.675, calculated for HR, SDNN, TOT, LF, HF, VLF, and VQ).