Table 2.
Within-person comparison of quantitative dietary characteristics (adjusted mean and 95% CI1) in relation to whether or not plain water was mentioned in the recall, NHANES 2005–2012.
| Men | Water day minus | Women | Water day minus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| no water day, p2 value |
no water day, p2 value |
|||||
| Plain water reported in the 24-h recall |
Plain water NOT reported in the 24-h recall |
Plain water reported in the 24-h recall |
Plain water NOT reported in the 24-h recall |
|||
| n | 1875 | 1875 | 1479 | 1479 | ||
| Total water3, g | 3019 (2935, 3103) | 2629 (2528, 2731) | 390 (289, 491) | 2416 (2341, 2491) | 1903 (1830, 1977) | 513 (443, 582) |
| < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| 24-h plain water, g | 781 (737, 826) | 0 | 704 (651, 757) | 0 | ||
| 24-h food amount, g | 1021 (990, 1051) | 1001 (970, 1031) | 20 (−19, 59) | 800 (776, 824) | 799 (764, 834) | 1.0 (− 36, 38) |
| P = 0.3 | P = 0.9 | |||||
| 24-h beverage amount, g | 1739 (1659, 1818) | 2168 (2060, 2276) | − 429 (− 529, − 330) | 1292 (1230, 1353) | 1497 (1424, 1571) | − 206 (− 286, −125) |
| P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | |||||
| 24-h energy intake, kcal | 2485 (2410, 2559) | 2557 (2485, 2629) | − 72 (− 152, 8) | 1786 (1727, 1846) | 1811 (1749, 1874) | −25 (−81, 31) |
| P = 0.08 | P = 0.4 | |||||
| 24-h food only energy, kcal | 1976 (1915, 2037) | 1942 (1881, 2003) | 34 (−34, 102) | 1458 (1403, 1512) | 1440 (1379, 1500) | 18 (−41, 77) |
| 0.3 | P = 0.5 | |||||
| 24-h beverage only energy, kcal | 508 (479, 537) | 615 (572, 657) | − 106 (− 147, − 65) | 329 (312, 346) | 372 (349, 394) | −43 (−69, −16) |
| < 0.0001 | P = 0.002 | |||||
| Alcoholic beverage energy, kcal | 137 (115, 159) | 181 (145, 217) | −44 (−74, −13) | 50 (37, 62) | 51 (38, 64) | − 1.5 (−15, 13) |
| P = 0.005 | P = 0.8 | |||||
| Coffee, Tea beverage energy, kcal | 49 (41, 57) | 59 (49, 69) | − 10 (− 19, − 1.0) | 38 (32, 44) | 54 (46, 62) | − 16 (− 23, − 8) |
| P = 0.03 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Sweetened beverages and juice drinks energy, kcal | 191 (174, 208) | 221 (200, 242) | − 29 (− 47, − 12) | 124 (115, 134) | 136 (123, 149) | −11 (− 24, 2.2) |
| P = 0.005 | P = 0.1 | |||||
| Fruit and vegetable juices energy, kcal | 33 (28, 39) | 44 (38, 50) | − 11 (− 16, − 5) | 31 (25, 37) | 38 (32, 44) | −6 (−13, 0.2) |
| P = 0.0001 | P = 0.06 | |||||
| Dairy beverages energy, kcal | 81 (73, 90) | 92 (79, 104) | − 10 (− 23, 2.5) | 62 (53, 71) | 69 (55, 82) | −7 (−21, 8) |
| P = 0.1 | P = 0.3 | |||||
| EI/BEE4 | 1.38 (1.34, 1.42) | 1.42 (1.38, 1.46) | − 0.04 (−0.08, 0.006) | 1.26 (1.22, 1.31) | 1.28 (1.24, 1.33) | −0.02 (− 0.06, 0.02) |
| P = 0.1 | P = 0.3 | |||||
Estimates are adjusted means (i.e., predicted margins) and 95% confidence intervals associated with an indicator for whether it was a recall day with or without water. The multiple linear regression models included each dietary characteristic as a continuous dependent variable, and dummy variables for week day of recall (week day vs. weekend) and mode of recall administration (in-person vs. telephone), and a separate dummy variable for each individual in the study to allow individual-intercepts, as independent variables.
P-values obtained from Wald’s F-tests. Actual p values are presented. The multiple comparison adjusted p value for significant differences < 0.004.
Total water is the sum of water in foods, beverages, and plain water.
EI/BEE is the ratio of reported energy intake to computed basal energy expenditure, used as a measure of plausibility of the self-reported dietary intake data.