Table 3.
Category B: Acquired cognitive impairments
| Reference | Sample size | Sample type | Country | Research design | Main cognitive measures (abbreviations in table 2.4) | Prevalence | Quality rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andersen, et al. (2014) | 34 | Homeless (HL) adult males with mean age of 58.8, recruited from urban shelter | Canada (Toronto) | TBI screening, TBI/no TBI comparison |
BISQ RBANS |
35% TBI | Fair |
|
Barnes, et al. (2015) Brenner, et al. (2017) |
229 309 |
Veterans with mean age of 51.8 (2015) and 52.3 (2017) seeking HL services at metropolitan health care systems |
USA |
TBI screening, Interview Psychiatric interviews, TBI/no TBI comparison |
OSU TBI‐ID OSU TBI‐ID |
90.4% TBI 91% TBI |
Good |
|
Brown, et al. (2017) Hurstak, et al. (2017) |
350 343 |
Older HL adults with mean age of 58. Recruited from overnight shelters, homeless encampments and recycling centres | USA (Oakland, CA) |
Interviews and condition assessments Structured interviews and testing |
MMSE 3MS TMTB |
25.8% CI 25.1% CI |
Very good |
| Brown, et al. (2012) | 247 | HL adults aged between 50 and 69 recruited from 8 Hl shelters | USA (Boston, MA) | Assessment interviews, compared to 3 cohorts |
MMSE TMT‐B |
24.3% CI | Good |
| Bymaster, et al. (2017) | 127 | HL adults with mean age of 48, accessing healthcare at two clinic sites. | USA (San Jose, CA) | Questionnaire | OSU TBI‐ID |
77% TBI 58% TBI with loss of consciousness |
Fair |
| Gargaro, et al. (2016) | 48 | Clients of service for HL people with mental health problems and/or substance abuse issues aged 25 to 71 (mean of 43.40) | Canada | TBI Screening | OSU TBI‐ID | 56% TBI | Poor |
| Hwang, et al. (2008) | 904 | HL adults with mean age of 37.4, surveyed at shelters and meal programs | Canada (Toronto) | Cross sectional survey, face to face interview, TBI/no TBI comparison | TBI screening adapted from prison inmate survey |
53% TBI 23% moderate or severe TBI |
Very good |
| McMillan, et al. (2015) | 1590 records | Records of HL registered at NHS General Practitioner health services (in proximity of HL services) | United Kingdom (Glasgow) | Data comparison of hospital admissions for head injury and death records | n/a | 13.5% Hospitalised with head injury | Good |
| Nikoo, et al. (2017) | 1,190 | HL and vulnerably housed adults aged 18 or over. Recruited from Health and Housing in Transition study | Canada | Assessment followed by yearly structured interviews for 3 years | TBI screening adapted from prison inmate survey | 60.8% TBI | Very good |
| Oddy, et al. (2012) | 200 | HL adults with mean age of 32.73, recruited from homeless hostels and day centres | United Kingdom (Leeds) | Cross‐sectional survey design, questionnaire | TBI screening adapted from prison inmate survey | 48% TBI | Good |
|
Pluck, et al. (2011) Pluck, et al. (2012) |
55 80 |
HL adults recruited from HL services including shelters, day centres and meal services | United Kingdom (Sheffield) |
Interviews and assessments Diagnostic interview |
FrSBe WASI WTAR WMS WASI |
75% neurobehavioural impairment IQ: 84.3 19.2% in extremely low range |
Fair |
|
Pluck, Nakakarumai, and Sato (2015) |
16 | HL adult males with mean age of 51.5 recruited from singular homeless service (day centre and outreach program) | Japan (Tokyo) | Cognitive examination—premorbid IQ, Frontal lobe function, and global CI |
JART WCST MMSE |
44% CI | Fair |
| Svoboda and Ramsay (2014) | 170 | Homeless and low‐income men with mean age of 43.7, recruited from hostels and low‐income housing sites | Canada (Toronto) | Collection of emergency department records of head injury, interviews | DSM mental health criteria | n/a | Very good |
| To, et al. (2015) | 1,181 | HL and vulnerably housed adults with mean age of 43.0 recruited from shelters and meal programs across 3 cites | Canada (national) | Structured interviews at baseline and 1 year after | Hwang et al. (2008) TBI questionnaire | 61% TBI | Very good |
| Topolovec‐Vranic, et al. (2012) | n/a | Review of 8 studies, looking at HL and TBI. Included studies which recruited from range of HL and health services, mean sample age of 36.2 | International | Systematic review | n/a | 8%–53% TBI | Very good |
| Topolovec‐Vranic, et al. (2014) | 111 | Males with mean age of 54.2 recruited from singular large urban HL shelter | Canada (Toronto) | Semi‐structured interview, TBI/no TBI comparison | BISQ | 45% TBI | Very good |
| Topolovec‐Vranic, et al. (2013) | 37 | HL stakeholders including frontline workers, healthcare professionals, policy makers, students and person's previously HL | Canada (Toronto) | Multidisciplinary TBI stakeholder workshop | n/a | n/a | Fair |
| Stergiopoulos, et al. (2015) | 1,500 | HL adults with mean age of 41.1. Recruited from “At Home” study, where participants were referred from range of HL services | Canada (national) | Neuropsychological assessment |
Digit Symbol Coding from WAIS‐R TMT (parts A and B) HVLT‐R |
72% CI | Good |