Table 4.

Summary of Findings From In Vitro Laboratory Tests of Abuse Deterrence52, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65

Brand Name	Generic Namea	Results of Laboratory Manipulation and Extraction Studies
OxyContin® (reformulated)	Oxycodone OP	Results support that, relative to original OxyContin, there is an increase in the ability of reformulated OxyContin to resist crushing, breaking, and dissolution using a variety of tools and solvents The results of these studies also support this finding for reformulated OxyContin relative to IR oxycodone When subjected to an aqueous environment, reformulated OxyContin gradually forms a viscous hydrogel (ie, a gelatinous mass) that resists passage through a needle
Embeda®	Morphine‐naltrexone	When Embeda is crushed and mixed in a variety of solvents, both morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride are simultaneously extracted
Targiniq™ ER	Oxycodone‐naloxone ER	Laboratory test data demonstrate that Targiniq ER can be crushed and dissolved in solution However, complete separation or complete inactivation of naloxone from oxycodone was not achieved despite using various techniques and conditions
Hysingla® ER	Hydrocodone ER	Results support that Hysingla ER resists crushing, breaking, and dissolution using a variety of tools and solvents and retains some ER properties despite manipulation When subjected to an aqueous environment, Hysingla ER gradually forms a viscous hydrogel (ie, a gelatinous mass) that resists passage through a hypodermic needle
MorphaBond™ ER	Morphine‐ARER	The laboratory test data demonstrated that, relative to morphine sulfate extended‐release tablet, MorphaBond ER has increased resistance to cutting, crushing, or breaking using a variety of tools When subjected to a liquid environment, the manipulated MorphaBond ER formulation forms a viscous material that resists passage through a needle
Xtampza® ER	Oxycodone DETERx®	Results support that, relative to IR oxycodone tablets, Xtampza ER is less susceptible to the effects of grinding, crushing, and extraction using a variety of tools and solvents Xtampza ER resisted attempts to pass the melted capsule contents or the microspheres suspended in water through a hypodermic needle
Arymo® ER	Morphine‐ADER‐IMT	Arymo ER tablets, in comparison to morphine sulfate ER tablets, have increased resistance to cutting, crushing, grinding, or breaking using a variety of tools When subjected to a liquid environment, the manipulated Arymo ER tablets form a viscous hydrogel (ie, a gelatinous mass) that resists passage through a hypodermic needle

^aBecause some ADF opioids contain the same active ingredient (eg, morphine, oxycodone), each product has been assigned a unique generic name for use in this article.

ADER‐IMT, abuse‐deterrent, extended‐release, injection‐molded tablets; ADF, abuse‐deterrent formulation; ARER, abuse‐resistant, extended‐release; ER, extended release; IR, immediate release.