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. 2018 Sep 5;21(11):1693–1703. doi: 10.1111/ele.13148

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© 2018 The Authors Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The contributions from the environmental and stochastic (unexplained) variation to the variance of the population growth rate, λ_t. (a) Each bar indicates the contribution (percentage) from the six largest demographic contributors to the variance of log(λ_t) decomposed into explained (environmental) and unexplained (stochastic) sources; and (b) Each bar indicates the contribution from each parameter on the predicted variance of log(λ_t) decomposed into the contributions each of the environmental factors modelled.