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. 2017 Sep 17;20(10):1219–1230. doi: 10.1111/ele.12824

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Illustration of the distinction between different frameworks that can represent the impact of the influence of third species on trophic interactions. A trait‐mediated indirect interaction approach (a) represents the resultant link between A and C, a trophic interaction modification approach (b) represents the change in the interaction strength, while an undirected hypergraph approach (c) represents a relationship between all three species.