Figure 2.

The compartmental model with uninfected and infected groups of four age classes. UY;Y – young individuals with a young mother. UY;O – young individuals with an old mother. UO;Y– old individuals with a young mother. UO;O – old individuals with an old mother. m is the rate at which an individual goes from being a young individual to an old individual. b is the rate of transmission. d is the baseline death rate, with d +a representing baseline death rate plus a measure of virulence. Other parameters are r – maximum reproduction; K – carrying capacity; N – total population number; p ‐ the probability that non‐pathogen induced death of an infected individual will lead to transmission. As p. ramosa is only transmitted upon host death, death rates are included in the transmission terms.