Table 2.
Drivers of forest cover change of the 51 hotspots of forest loss and forest gain confirmed by experts from each country
| Country | Cluster # | Drivers of forest gain | Drivers of forest loss | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pasture and agricultural abandonment | Highland shrub invasion | Pine/eucalyptus plantations | Shade coffee | Agroforestry | Unknown | Pasture expansion | Agriculture expansion | Mixed (roads, mines, pastures, agriculture) | Fire | Unknown | Data source | ||
| Venezuela | 1, 3 | x | 1, pers. obs. | ||||||||||
| Venezuela | 2, 4 | x | 2, 3 | ||||||||||
| Colombia | 5, 7 | x | 4, pers. obs. | ||||||||||
| Colombia | 6 | x | 5 | ||||||||||
| Colombia | 8 | x | 6 | ||||||||||
| Colombia | 9 | x | 5 | ||||||||||
| Colombia | 10, 11, 12 | x | 5, 7, 8 | ||||||||||
| Colombia | 13 | x | 1, 5 | ||||||||||
| Ecuador | 14 | x | 1, 9, 10 | ||||||||||
| Ecuador | 15, 16, 17 | x | 1, 9, 10, 11, 12 | ||||||||||
| Ecuador | 18 | x | 1, 9, 10, 13 | ||||||||||
| Ecuador | 19 | x | 1, 9, 10, 14, pers.obs. | ||||||||||
| Ecuador | 20 | x | 1, 9, 10, 15 | ||||||||||
| Ecuador | 21, 22 | x | 1, 9, 10, 16 | ||||||||||
| Peru | 23, 25–29 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Peru | 24 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Peru | 30–32, 34–37 | x | 1, 17 | ||||||||||
| Peru | 33, 39 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Peru | 38 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Boliva | 40, 41, 42 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Boliva | 43, 44, 45 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Argentina | 46, 47, 48 | x | 1 | ||||||||||
| Argentina | 49 | x | 1, pers. obs. | ||||||||||
| Argentina | 50, 51 | x | 1, 18, 19, pers. obs. | ||||||||||
| Total | 9 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Hotspots included regions with multiple adjacent hexagons with similar trends of forest cover change, and in regions where experts have knowledge of land‐use dynamics. The location of each region is highlighted in Figure 1. The data sources include: (1) high‐resolution images in Google Earth, (2) Suárez del Moral and Chacón‐Moreno (2011), (3) Rodríguez‐Morales et al. (2009), (4) FNC (2017), (5) González et al. (2018), (6) León‐Escobar (2011), (7) Observatorio de Drogas de Colombia (2018), (8) DANE (2014), (9) MAE (2015), (10) MAE (2017), (11) Jokisch (2002), (12) Jokisch and Lair (2002), (13) Oñate‐Valdivieso and Sendra (2010), (14) Baquero and Peralvo ( 2016), (15) Van Der Hoek (2017), (16) Curatola Fernández et al. (2015), (17) Hansen et al. (2013), (18) Gasparri and Grau (2009), (19) Nanni and Grau (2014).