Figure 4.

Partial residuals of the observed bias (%) in maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation ($V_{\mathrm{cmax}}^{\prime }$) predicted by the theoretical model by site plotted against leaf nitrogen per leaf area (N _a; n = 98) and leaf mass per leaf area (LMA; n = 112) (grey circles). Model bias was defined as $\frac{V_{\mathrm{cmax}\left[\mathrm{pred}\right]}^{\prime }-V_{\mathrm{cmax}\left[\mathrm{obs}\right]}^{\prime }}{V_{\mathrm{cmax}\left[\mathrm{obs}\right]}^{\prime }}\ast 100$, where $V_{\mathrm{cmax}\left[\mathrm{pred}\right]}^{\prime }$ is the predicted optimal $V_{\mathrm{cmax}}^{\prime }$ and $V_{\mathrm{cmax}\left[\mathrm{obs}\right]}^{\prime }$ is the observed $V_{\mathrm{cmax}}^{\prime }$. Data points are sized logarithmically by $V_{\mathrm{cmax}\left[\mathrm{obs}\right]}^{\prime }$. Lines indicate the modelled response from the multiple linear regression models. Shading indicates 95% confidence intervals for regression lines. Only significant trends (P < 0.05) are shown. Colours are as in Figure 2.