Table 3.

Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk and glycaemic control

	Studies n	Participants n	Mean Difference	95% CI	I 2
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L
MR diet vs diet only	4	291	−0.14	−0.57, 0.29	79
MR diet + support vs diet + support	3	336	−0.03	−0.24, 0.19	29
MR diet + support vs diet only	1	120	−0.07	−0.2, 0.06	‐
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	1	227	−0.96*	−1.84, −0.07	73
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	3	5822	−0.60*	−0.85, −0.35	98
Fasting insulin, pmol/L
MR diet vs diet only	4	291	−12.37*	−17.93, −6.82	94
MR diet + support vs diet + support	3	336	−6.9*	−7.74, −6.06	91
MR diet + support vs diet only	1	70	−36.8*	−53.05, −20.55	‐
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	1	227	1.25	−40.32, 42.83	0
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
HbA1c, %a
MR diet vs diet only	1	112	−0.8*	−1.19, −0.41	‐
MR diet + support vs diet + support	2	214	−0.18*	−0.22, −0.14	90
MR diet + support vs diet only	‐	‐	‐	‐	‐
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	1	227	−0.55*	−0.74, −0.36	‐
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	3	5822	−0.49*	−0.52, −0.46	81
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
MR diet vs diet only	2	212	−0.11*	−0.18, −0.03	0
MR diet + support vs diet + support	5	541	−0.07*	−0.13, −0.01	23
MR diet + support vs diet only	2	190	−0.05	−0.18, 0.08	0
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	2	669	0.04	−0.03,0.12	0
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	2	499	−0.28	−0.52, 0.05	91
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L
MR diet vs diet only	2	143	0.11	−0.37, 0.59	77
MR diet + support vs diet + support	4	429	−0.14	−0.29, 0.01	88
MR diet + support vs diet only	2	190	−0.08	−0.28, 0.12	62
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	2	667	0.07	−0.08, 0.21	67
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	3	5642	−0.12	−0.45, 0.20	99
HDL Cholesterol, mmol/L
MR diet vs diet only	3	243	0.00	−0.03, 0.03	0
MR diet + support vs diet + support	4	426	−0.01	−0.07, 0.05	87
MR diet + support vs diet only	2	190	0.11	−0.06, 0.28	89
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	2	667	0.06	0.00, 0.11	62
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	3	5822	0.06*	0.05, 0.07	11
Triglycerides, mmol/L
MR diet vs diet only	3	243	−0.14	−0.49, 0.21	75
MR diet + support vs diet + support	3	316	0.02	−0.10, 0.15	77
MR diet + support vs diet only	2	190	−0.09	−0.17, 0.00	0
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	2	669	−0.22*	−0.43, −0.02	90
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	2	5233	0.00	−0.28, 0.29	99
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
MR diet vs diet only	2	212	−8.30*	−11.83, −4.76	23
MR diet + support vs diet + support	4	435	−0.33*	−0.6, −0.06	0
MR diet + support vs diet only	1	120	−1.60	−3.86, 0.66	‐
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	1	227	0.34	0.15, 0.53	‐
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	3	5642	−3.76*	−4.18, −3.34	0
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
MR diet vs diet only	3	260	−2.81*	−5.01, −0.60	55
MR diet + support vs diet + support	3	325	−1.23*	−2.42, −0.04	20
MR diet + support vs diet only	1	120	0.07	−1.20, 1.34	‐
MR diet + enhanced support vs diet + support	1	227	−0.58	−3.28, 2.12	69
MR diet + support vs minimal intervention	3	5642	−1.22*	−1.53, −0.90	11

^aHbA1C % units used cannot convert to mmol/mol.

^* Statistically significant P < 0.05.