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. 2019 Feb 19;61(5):343–352. doi: 10.1111/dgd.12597

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Proposed models for topologically associating domain (TAD) formation. (a) Formation of TADs via loop extrusion. Extruding cohesin stops at the convergent CCCTF‐binding factor (CTCF) sites to from a self‐associating loop domain. (b) Asymmetric loading of cohesin leads to one‐directional loop extrusion. (c) ATP‐dependent translocation model. The cohesin subunits Smc1 and Smc3 have an ATPase activity. (d) Transcription‐dependent translocation model. Elongating RNA polymerase can push over cohesin molecules along chromatin.