Table 5.
Percentage changes in PM2.5, PM2.5abs, and O3 by time‐invariant and time‐varying determinants in multi‐determinant models adjusted for outdoor levels
| Personal | Indoor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | PM2.5abs | PM2.5 | PM2.5abs | O3 | |
| Natural vs. mechanical ventilation | 21** | 19 | |||
| Collector road within 50 m | 4 | ‐4 | |||
| Window open ≥1 h | 5 | 6 | |||
| Candle burning | 8* | 10*** | 3** | ||
| Cooking with frying or oven | −2 | 15** | |||
| Aerosol use | −14 | ||||
| Use of wood stove—burning wood | 20* | 9** | 7*** | −2 | |
| Time spent in a motor vehicle ≥2 h | 2 | ||||
| Time spent indoors elsewhere ≥4 h | 7 | b | b | b | |
| Outdoor PM2.5, PMabs, or O3 a | 7*** | 21*** | 5*** | 3*** | 1*** |
| Number of measurements | 148 | 148 | 190 | 192 | 131 |
PM2.5, particles <2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, PM2.5abs, light absorption coefficient of PM2.5.
a
Continuous variable, estimate calculated for a change of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 and O3 and 1 m−1 × 10−5 in PMabs.
b
Determinant not relevant for indoor concentrations.
*
P < 0.1.
**
P < 0.05.
***
P < 0.01.