Figure 4.

A, Amplitudes and frequency of spontaneous activity in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) of the age‐matched control and DM mice from 0 to 12 weeks after the induction (n = 14). Detrusor smooth muscle (DSM), (B) weight, and (C) length of all groups. D, Amplitudes of spontaneous activity, (E) frequency of spontaneous activity; DSM contraction in response to (F) α, β‐methylene ATP (100 µM), (G) KCl (120 mM), (J) electrical‐field stimulation (EFS, 1–64 Hz) and (K) carbachol (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁵ M) in the age‐matched control and DM mice from 0 to 12 weeks after induction. H, Potency (pEC50) and (I) maximal responses (E_max) values obtained from concentration‐response curves to carbachol. Data represent the means ± SD (model vs. control group, *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01). DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation