Figure 2.

Pathogenic cutaneous microbiome promotes chronic inflammation in Flg^ft/ft mice. A, Principal component analysis of microbiome samples isolated from skin swaps of wild‐type (blue triangles) and Flg^ft/ft mice (green circles). Non‐lesional ear skin was swabbed at 12 wk (upper panel) and 3‐4 d (lower panel) of age. B,C, Mean relative abundance of bacterial phyla (B) and genera (C) of bacteria colonizing the skin of adult wild‐type and Flg^ft/ft mice. D, Representative photographs of neonatal Flg^ft/ft mice in a specific pathogen‐free (SPF, left panels) or germ‐free (GF, right panels) environment. E, Macroscopic scores for edema, erythema, scaling, hyperlinearity, and annular tail constrictions in neonatal SPF (black) and GF (red) Flg^ft/ft mice. Bar graphs show the mean + SEM of 9 mice per group. ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. F, Photograph of adult Flg^ft/ft raised in an SPF (left) or GF (right) environment. Representative of 9 mice per group. G, Macroscopic scoring of SPF (black) and GF (red) Flg^ft/ft adult mice. ***P < 0.001. H, Serum IgE concentrations in SPF WT (open circles), SPF Flg^ft/ft (red), and GF Flg^ft/ft (black) adult mice. I, Relative quantification of Il33, Il1a, Il1b in the skin of adult WT (open circles) and adult Flg^ft/ft mice raised under SPF (red) or GF (black) conditions. Bars show the mean + SEM of 6 mice per group