Table 1.
Subgeneric classification of Salvia s.l. used in this study, following in part Drew et al. (2017a) and as updated by Hu et al. (2018). For an alternative classification system of Salvia s.l. in which up to 11 genera (some not monophyletic by the present study) are recognized, see Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff (2017). The “Salvia aegyptiaca clade” of Drew et al. (2017a) is placed informally for now with subgen. Zhumeria. The informal name “Heterosphace” is provided for now to New World sect. Salviastrum, the Old World “Salvia verticillata group” of Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff (2017), and their close relatives
| Subgenus | Estimated number of species | Biogeographic distribution | Notes | Clade number of Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff (2014) | Staminal type based on Walker and Sytsma (2007) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audibertia (Benth.) J.B.Walker, B.T.Drew, & K.J.Sytsma | 19 | Western North America to northern Mexico | See Walker et al. (2015); originally considered sect. Audibertia Epling or as the genus Audibertia Benth. (incorrectly) or the genus Ramona Greene; now comprises two sections (Echinosphace Benth. and Audibertia) | Clade II | H, I |
| Calosphace (Benth.) Epling | 550 | North America, Central America, Caribbean, South America | Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff (2017) refer to this as the genus Lasemia Raf. | Clade II | E, F, G |
| Dorystaechas (Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth.) J.B.Walker, B.T.Drew, & J.G.González | 1 | Endemic to Antalya region of Turkey | See Drew et al. (2017a); originally named as the genus Dorystaechas Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. | K | |
| Glutinaria (Raf.) G.X.Hu, C.L.Xiang, & B.T.Drew | 100 | East Asia, with outliers in SE Asia, eastern Australia, and central Eurasia | See Hu et al. (2018); previously named as the genus Glutinaria Raf.; now comprises eight named sections. Six distinct stamen types now recognized. | Clade IV | N |
| “Heterosphace” | 43 | E, S, SW North America, southern Africa and Madagascar, NE Africa, SW Asia, Mediterranean region, Europe | Includes the genus Salviastrum Scheele, Salvia sect. Hemisphace Benth., sect. Heterosphace Benth.; also includes (in part) Hymenosphace Benth. and Eusphace Benth. (see Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff 2017) | Clade I | A |
| Meriandra (Benth.) J.B.Walker, B.T.Drew, & J.G.González | 2 | NE Africa and Indian Himalayas | See Drew et al. (2017a); originally named as the genus Meriandra Benth. | J | |
| Perovskia (Kar.) J.B.Walker, B.T.Drew, & J.G.González | 8 | Central and SW Asia | See Drew et al. (2017a); originally named as the genus Perovskia Kar. | D | |
| Rosmarinus (L.) J.B.Walker, B.T.Drew, & J.G.González | 3 | Mediterranean region | see Drew et al. (2017a); originally named as the genus Rosmarinus L. | C | |
| Salvia L. | 70 | SW Asia, Europe, Mediterranean region | contains the type species for Salvia L., S. officinalis L.; includes sect. Hymenosphace Benth. (in part) and most of sect. Eusphace Benth. (see Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff 2017) | Clade I | A |
| Sclarea (Moench) Benth. | 120 | SW Asia, Europe, Mediterranean region, with outliers in southern Africa | Comprises Salvia sect. Aethiopis Benth. and sect. Plethiosphace Benth.; (see Will and Claßen‐Bockhoff 2017) | Clade I | B |
| Zhumeria (Rech. f. & Wendelbo) J.B.Walker, B.T.Drew, & J.G.González | 31 | Central and SW Asia, Mediterranean region | See Drew et al. (2017a); originally named as the monotypic genus Zhumeria Rech. f. & Wendelbo; we include informally for now other Salvia which were previously placed in genera Pleudia Raf. and Polakia Staf; this study demonstrates that Polakia is not monophyletic. | Clade III (in part) | L, M |