Table 2.

Hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality and incident disability, stratified by diabetes status and frailty category (Kusatsu Study, 2002–2011, followed until 2015)

	Without diabetes					With diabetes				P for interaction
	Non‐frail	Prefrail	Frail	P for trend		Non‐frail	Prefrail	Frail	P for trend
No. at risk	353	570	115			52	101	23
Mortality
Person‐years	3213.7	5379.2	1133.6			498.0	880.6	166.6
No. cases	44	132	51			9	29	10
Crude incidence/1000 person‐years	13.7	24.5	45.0	<0.001		18.1	32.9	60.0	0.008
Age‐ and sex‐adjusted HR	1.0	1.5 (1.1, 2.2)	2.2 (1.4, 3.4)	0.001		1.0	2.2 (1.0, 4.8)	8.9 (2.9, 27.4)	<0.001	0.135
Multivariable HR	1.0	1.6 (1.1, 2.3)	1.9 (1.2, 3.0)	0.003		1.0	2.1 (0.9, 4.9)	6.6 (2.0, 22.0)	0.003	0.190
Incident disability
Person‐years	3006.6	4638.6	797.3			464.8	790.1	120.3
No. cases	61	179	75			15	29	13
Crude incidence/1000 person‐years	20.3	38.6	94.1	<0.001		32.3	36.7	108.1	0.006
Age‐ and sex‐adjusted HR	1.0	1.6 (1.2, 2.1)	2.4 (1.7, 3.5)	<0.001		1.0	1.0 (0.5, 2.1)	3.4 (1.3, 9.2)	0.034	0.102
Multivariable HR	1.0	1.6 (1.2, 2.2)	2.1 (1.5, 3.1)	<0.001		1.0	0.9 (0.4, 2.0)	2.9 (1.0, 8.1)	0.059	0.046
Mortality or incident disability
Person‐years	3006.6	4638.6	797.3			464.8	790.1	120.3
No. cases	82	224	88			20	45	16
Crude incidence/1000 person‐years	27.3	48.3	110.4	<0.001		43.0	57.0	133.1	0.002
Age‐ and sex‐adjusted HR	1.0	1.6 (1.2, 2.0)	2.4 (1.7, 3.3)	<0.001		1.0	1.4 (0.8, 2.5)	4.4 (1.9, 10.2)	0.003	0.251
Multivariable HR	1.0	1.6 (1.2, 2.0)	2.1 (1.5, 2.9)	<0.001		1.0	1.4 (0.7, 2.5)	3.7 (1.6, 9.0)	0.007	0.159

Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for 1214 participants after excluding those with a follow‐up period <1 year.

Multivariable HR was adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, high total cholesterol, low total cholesterol, low estimated glomerular filtration rate, overweight, low body mass index, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, low Mini‐Mental State Examination score, history of stroke and current smoking.