Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the ten studies included in the systematic review.
| Main author, publication year (reference) | Setting, country | Study design | Fluoroquinolone used (number of patients) | Antibiotics used in the non-fluoroquinolone group | Duration of fluoroquinolone exposure (mean (SD) or median (IQR) in days) | Time from presentation to initiation of anti-TB treatment (mean (SD) or median (IQR) in days) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | All patients | Difference between FQ and non-FQ groups (days) | AFB smear positive | AFB smear negative | |||||||
| Rush 2016 [11] | Inpatients, Canada | Retrospective cohort | Moxi (9) | N/A | N/A | FQ | 9 | 14 (IQR 3–33) | 12.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 33 | 2 (IQR 1–5) | |||||||||
| Wang 2015 [12] | Inpatients and outpatients, Taiwan | Retrospective cohort | Levo (908), moxi (716), cipro (402), oflox (25) | Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides | ≥7 | FQ | 2051 | 63.0 (47.1) | 13.6 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 14,632 | 49.4 (47.6) | |||||||||
| Kim 2013 [13] | Inpatients, South Korea | Case-control | Moxi (10), levo (4), cipro (2) | Cephalosporins, macrolides, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor | 14 (IQR 7–37) | FQ | 16 | 35 (IQR 14–72) | 28.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 32 | 7 (IQR 3–63) | |||||||||
| Wang 2011 [14] | Inpatients and outpatients, Canada | Retrospective cohort | Cipro, Levo, Moxi (N/A) | Macrolides, penicillins, sulfonamide, cephalosporins | N/A | FQ | 36 | 53.2 (53.6) | 0 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 258 | 53.4 (46.7) | |||||||||
| Jeon 2011 [15] | Inpatients and outpatients, South Africa | Retrospective cohort | Cipro, oflox (N/A) | N/A | ≥5 | FQ | 90 | 23.1 (28.9) | 3.3 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 511 | 19.8 (30.1) | |||||||||
| Wang 2006 [16] | Inpatients, Taiwan | Retrospective cohort | Cipro (42), levo (21), moxi (16) | N/A | 9.5 (6.0) | FQ | 79 | 45.4 (37.3) | 17.7 | 15 (IQR 8–175) | 42 (IQR 6–233) |
| Non-FQ | 218 | 27.7 (30.5) | 6 (IQR 0–105) | 27 (IQR 0–198) | |||||||
| Sierros 2006 [17] | Inpatients and outpatients, USA | Retrospective cohort | Levo (17), cipro (2), gati (1) | Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, macrolides | 3 (no IQR) | FQ | 20 | N/A | 14 (smear-positive) | 32 (no IQR) | 46 (no IQR) |
| Non-FQ | 48 | N/A | 18 (no IQR) | 34.5 (no IQR) | |||||||
| Golub 2005 [18] | Inpatients and outpatients, USA | Case-control | N/A | Macrolides, cephalosporins, amoxicillin, TMP-SMX, clindamycin, vancomycin | N/A | FQ | 45 | 39.0 (no IQR) | 0.5 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 40 | 38.5 (no IQR) | |||||||||
| Yoon 2005 [19] | Inpatients, South Korea | Case-control | Levo (7), cipro (2) | Cephalosporins, macrolides, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, aminoglycosides | 14.2 (8.3) | FQ | 9 | 43.1 (40.0) | 24.4 | N/A | N/A |
| Non-FQ | 19 | 18.7 (16.9) | |||||||||
| Dooley 2002 [20] | Inpatients and outpatients, USA | Retrospective cohort | Levo (11), trova (2), gati (1), cipro (1), cipro then trova (1) | Cephalosporins, macrolides, TMP-SMX | N/A | FQ | 16 | 21 (IQR 5–32) | 16 | 9 (no IQR) | 24 (no IQR) |
| Non-FQ | 17 | 5 (IQR 1–16) | 1 (no IQR) | 16 (no IQR) | |||||||
SD: standard deviation; IQR: inter-quartile range; moxi: moxifloxacin; N/A: not available; FQ: fluoroquinolone; levo: levofloxacin; gati: gatifloxacin; trova: trovafloxacin; cipro: ciprofloxacin; gemi: gemifloxacin; oflox: ofloxacin; USA: United States of America; TMP-SMX: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole