Table 1.
Subjects characteristics
| Total | Male | Female | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. subjects | 2129 | 833 (39.1) | 1296 (60.9) | |
| Age (y) | 49.9 ± 1.5 | 49.9 ± 1.5 | 50.0 ± 1.5 | 0.691 |
| Education level | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate to primary school | 745 (35.0) | 187 (22.4) | 558 (43.1) | |
| Junior middle school | 922 (43.3) | 414 (49.7) | 508 (39.2) | |
| Senior high school or higher | 462 (21.7) | 232 (27.9) | 230 (17.7) | |
| Family's economic level (Yuan/y per capita) | 0.910 | |||
| <20 000 | 1092 (51.3) | 424 (50.9) | 668 (51.5) | |
| 20 000–40 000 | 804 (37.8) | 320 (38.4) | 484 (37.3) | |
| >40 000 | 155 (7.3) | 61 (7.3) | 94 (7.3) | |
| Missing | 78 (3.7) | |||
| Smoker | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1506 (70.7) | 268 (32.2) | 1238 (95.5) | |
| Yes | 620 (29.1) | 563 (67.6) | 57 (4.4) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.1) | |||
| Drinker | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1423 (66.8) | 313 (37.6) | 1110 (85.6) | |
| Yes | 704 (33.1) | 519 (62.3) | 185 (14.3) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.1) | |||
| Intake of cereals and beansa | 0.580 | |||
| Insufficient | 1398 (65.7) | 545 (65.4) | 853 (65.8) | |
| Sufficient | 171 (8.0) | 62 (7.4) | 109 (8.4) | |
| Excessive | 42 (2.0) | 20 (2.4) | 22 (1.7) | |
| Missing | 518 (24.3) | |||
| Intake of meat and poultryb | <0.001 | |||
| Insufficient | 653 (30.7) | 227 (27.3) | 426 (32.9) | |
| Sufficient | 365 (17.1) | 117 (14.0) | 248 (19.1) | |
| Excessive | 593 (27.9) | 283 (34.0) | 310 (23.9) | |
| Missing | 518 (24.3) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 24.0 ± 3.3 | 24.5 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Exercise | 0.027 | |||
| No | 1925 (90.4) | 770 (92.4) | 1155 (89.1) | |
| Yes | 189 (8.9) | 60 (7.2) | 129 (10.0) | |
| Missing | 15 (0.7) | |||
| Sedentary time (h/d) | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 0.420 |
| FPG (mM) | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 0.778 |
| Diabetes | 0.032 | |||
| No | 2000 (93.9) | 771 (92.6) | 1229 (94.8) | |
| Yes | 129 (6.1) | 62 (7.4) | 67 (5.2) | |
| IFG | 0.269 | |||
| No | 1876 (93.8) | 729 (94.6) | 1147 (93.3) | |
| Yes | 124 (6.2) | 42 (5.4) | 82 (6.7) | |
| IGT | 0.211 | |||
| No | 1885 (94.3) | 733 (95.1) | 1152 (93.7) | |
| Yes | 115 (5.8) | 38 (4.9) | 77 (6.3) | |
Note: Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± SD; categorical data are presented as n (%). P‐values were calculated using Chi‐squared test for categorical variables or t tests for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.
a
Dietary intake of cereals and beans was divided into three categories: insufficient (<40 g/d), sufficient (from ≥40 to ≤75 g/d), and excessive (>75 g/d).
b
Dietary intake of meat and poultry intake was also divided into three categories: insufficient (<50 g/d), sufficient (from ≥50 to ≤150 g/d), and excessive (>150 g/d).